Education+2

= Education During the Reconstruction =

I.
 * Involvement
 * Newly freed African American slaves
 * Miss. M.R. Mann
 * Built a school in Washington DC
 * Charged tuition except for those studying to become teachers
 * S.S. Ashley
 * Minister from Massachusetts
 * Elected the first superintendent for schools in North Carolina under the Reconstruction Plan
 * President Rutherford B. Hayes
 * Ended the Reconstruction and restored political, economic, and social power to white elites in southern states [[image:http://ts3.mm.bing.net/images/thumbnail.aspx?q=997132934442&id=95bf1a5001fed68b83be763b40506c63&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.sar.org%2fimages%2fcontent%2fRutherford_Hayes.jpg height="100%"]]
 * Issues
 * Building Schools
 * Originally used abandoned buildings to house the schools [[image:http://www.cagenweb.com/lake/photos/Schools/Upper-Lake-School-1911.gif width="117" height="83"]]
 * Proper settings were needed
 * 9 million dollars were sprent on schools and teachers
 * Northern Aid Societies came down to help create schools
 * Segregation
 * Schools were either all black or all white
 * No mixing of races
 * Teachers
 * White teachers were prefered
 * Black teachers were needed to have the schools stay
 * No teachers were educated enough
 * To become a teacher, they had to find one of the few teachers and learn from them
 * Public Education
 * Want to establish education with out tuition for everyone, no matter your race
 * Connection to Reconstruction
 * Education gave them the skills and tools where they could combat the racism that oppressed them for centuries
 * Children understood that slavery had deprived them of a number of tools that marked you as an American Citizen
 * Everyone was attending school
 * Significance
 * Allowed blacks basic rights
 * Much debate on whether or not the education would even make a difference
 * Segregation still in play
 * Showing that the blacks were not truly freed yet

II.
 * Arguments in Favor
 * Relief from beggary and dependence
 * Freedmens's Bureau
 * Education and relief for newly freed A.A. and puts money into creating schools
 * Black people were capable of education
 * Wayland Seminary
 * Pupils agred from 14-20
 * Classes included reading, arithmetic, and fine arts
 * Colleges
 * Oberlin College, Wilberforce University, of Xenia, Ohio: Berea Academy, Kentucky; The Theological Institute (Baptist) at Washington D.C., and the Ashmun Institute at Oxford, Pennsylvania
 * Each denomination wanted their own university
 * Army support
 * Created and ocupied areas for schools in the south
 * Northern Aid
 * Helped create schools in the south
 * Jobs
 * Medical men and pharmacists were required
 * Teachers of certain professions


 * Arguments Against
 * Segregation
 * There still is segregation so educating them then throwing them out into the world would do nothing for them because no one will give them jobs because of their race
 * Unnecessary
 * Education made blacks discontented, miserablem abd unfit for bodily labor
 * Educate them but for labor jobs
 * As long as blacks are contented, they will have no property, no useful arts, no separate ownership of lands, no law, little or no government, and no institutions of civilized life
 * Education will not lead to wealth
 * Overseers could neither read nor write but they managed farms and slaves more profitable than President Jerrerson or any other scholar
 * Luxury
 * A luxury that white people should not provide them with (money wise)
 * They can not afford it so they should not get it
 * Jobs
 * Bodily labor is the only thing they are suited for
 * Better adapted than white men for field work
 * Way of Life
 * Acustomed to no education for many years
 * Whites are willing to provide for them if they continue to work for them


 * We believe that education provides the freedom and knowledge that was never once allowed to slaves. They were becoming more like citizens and less like slaves and enjoying white priviledges they once were never allowed to do.